Lorazepam (Ativan) – Complete Medication Guide

Lorazepam, commonly known by the brand name Ativan®, is a prescription benzodiazepine medication used to treat anxiety disorders, provide short-term relief of anxiety symptoms, manage insomnia related to anxiety, control certain types of seizures, and provide sedation before medical procedures. It works by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that helps calm the brain and central nervous system. Learn more about lorazepam from MedlinePlus: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682053.html.

This guide provides general educational information about lorazepam, including its uses, available strengths, safety considerations, possible side effects, and frequently asked questions. It is intended for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice.

What Is Lorazepam (Ativan)?

Lorazepam belongs to the benzodiazepine class of medications. It is commonly prescribed to reduce excessive anxiety, promote relaxation, control certain seizure disorders, and provide sedation before surgery or diagnostic procedures.

Because lorazepam affects the central nervous system, it may cause drowsiness, dizziness, physical dependence, misuse, and withdrawal symptoms, particularly with prolonged use. Healthcare providers typically prescribe the lowest effective dose for the shortest appropriate duration. Additional prescribing information is available through DailyMed: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov.

Common Uses

Healthcare providers may prescribe lorazepam for:

• Anxiety disorders

• Short-term relief of anxiety symptoms

• Panic-related anxiety in selected patients

• Insomnia associated with anxiety

• Status epilepticus and certain seizure disorders

• Sedation before medical or dental procedures

• Other medically appropriate uses determined by a healthcare professional

Symptoms of anxiety may include excessive worry, restlessness, nervousness, difficulty concentrating, rapid heartbeat, muscle tension, irritability, sweating, and sleep disturbances. Learn more about anxiety disorders from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders.

Available Strengths and Formulations

Lorazepam is available in several dosage forms, including:

• Lorazepam 0.5 mg tablets

• Lorazepam 1 mg tablets

• Lorazepam 2 mg tablets

• Oral concentrate (solution)

• Injectable solution for hospital use

The appropriate dosage depends on the individual's condition, age, medical history, liver function, and response to treatment.

How Lorazepam Works

Lorazepam increases the activity of GABA, the brain's primary inhibitory neurotransmitter. This helps reduce excessive nerve activity and produces a calming effect.

Its effects may help:

• Reduce anxiety symptoms

• Promote relaxation

• Improve sleep related to anxiety

• Control certain seizure disorders

• Provide sedation before medical procedures

Response to treatment varies from person to person and should be monitored by a healthcare provider.

Possible Side Effects

Like all prescription medications, lorazepam may cause side effects.

Common Side Effects

• Drowsiness

• Dizziness

• Fatigue

• Weakness

• Reduced coordination

• Confusion

• Blurred vision

Serious Side Effects

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Difficulty breathing

• Severe allergic reactions

• Extreme drowsiness

• Loss of consciousness

• Unusual mood or behavioral changes

• Worsening depression or suicidal thoughts

For complete prescribing and safety information, refer to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): https://www.fda.gov.

Important Safety Information

Before taking lorazepam, tell your healthcare provider if you:

• Have liver or kidney disease

• Have breathing disorders such as sleep apnea or COPD

• Have depression or other mental health conditions

• Have glaucoma

• Have a history of substance use disorder

• Are pregnant or breastfeeding

Do not stop taking lorazepam suddenly after regular use. Abrupt discontinuation may result in withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, tremors, agitation, and, in severe cases, seizures.

Drug Interactions

Lorazepam may interact with:

• Opioid pain medications

• Other benzodiazepines

• Sleep medications

• Certain antidepressants

• Muscle relaxants

• Alcohol

• Antihistamines and other central nervous system depressants

Combining lorazepam with alcohol or sedating medications may significantly increase the risk of excessive drowsiness, slowed breathing, coma, and other serious complications.

Storage Information

Store lorazepam:

• At room temperature

• Away from excessive heat, moisture, and direct sunlight

• In its original container

• Out of the reach of children and pets

Dispose of unused medication through an authorized medication take-back program whenever possible.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is lorazepam used for?

Lorazepam is prescribed to treat anxiety disorders, short-term anxiety symptoms, certain seizure disorders, insomnia related to anxiety, and for sedation before some medical procedures.

Is Ativan the same as lorazepam?

Yes. Ativan is the brand name, while lorazepam is the active ingredient.

Can lorazepam cause dependence?

Yes. Long-term or inappropriate use may lead to tolerance, physical dependence, and withdrawal symptoms. It should always be taken exactly as prescribed.

Can I drink alcohol while taking lorazepam?

No. Alcohol can significantly increase the sedative effects of lorazepam and raise the risk of dangerous side effects, including slowed breathing and overdose.