Diazepam – Complete Medication Guide

Diazepam is a prescription benzodiazepine medication used to treat a variety of conditions, including anxiety disorders, muscle spasms, certain seizure disorders, and symptoms associated with alcohol withdrawal. It is also used before some medical procedures to help reduce anxiety and promote relaxation. Diazepam is widely known by the brand name Valium®.

Diazepam works by enhancing the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that helps calm excessive activity in the brain and central nervous system. By increasing GABA activity, diazepam may help reduce anxiety, relax muscles, and control certain types of seizures. Learn more about diazepam from MedlinePlus: https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682047.html.

This guide provides general educational information about diazepam, including its uses, available strengths, safety considerations, possible side effects, and frequently asked questions. It is intended for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice.

What Is Diazepam?

Diazepam belongs to the benzodiazepine class of medications. It acts on the central nervous system to produce calming, muscle-relaxing, anticonvulsant, and sedative effects. Healthcare providers prescribe diazepam after carefully evaluating a patient's symptoms, medical history, and treatment goals.

Because diazepam can cause drowsiness, dependence, tolerance, misuse, and withdrawal symptoms, it should only be used exactly as prescribed. Additional prescribing information is available through DailyMed: https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov.

Common Uses

Healthcare providers may prescribe diazepam for:

• Anxiety disorders

• Short-term relief of severe anxiety symptoms

• Muscle spasms

• Certain seizure disorders

• Alcohol withdrawal symptoms

• Sedation before certain medical or dental procedures

• Other medically appropriate uses determined by a healthcare professional

People experiencing anxiety may develop symptoms such as excessive worry, restlessness, muscle tension, irritability, difficulty concentrating, sleep disturbances, and rapid heartbeat. Learn more about anxiety symptoms from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH): https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders.

Available Strengths and Formulations

Diazepam is available in several formulations, including:

• Diazepam 2 mg tablets

• Diazepam 5 mg tablets

• Diazepam 10 mg tablets

• Oral solution

• Injectable solution

• Rectal gel (for certain seizure emergencies)

The appropriate dosage depends on the individual's condition, age, response to treatment, and other medications being taken.

How Diazepam Works

Diazepam increases the activity of GABA, the brain's primary inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Its effects may help:

• Reduce anxiety

• Relax skeletal muscles

• Control certain seizure disorders

• Ease symptoms of alcohol withdrawal

• Promote relaxation before medical procedures

Response to treatment varies from person to person and should be monitored by a healthcare provider.

Possible Side Effects

Like all prescription medications, diazepam may cause side effects.

Common Side Effects

• Drowsiness

• Dizziness

• Fatigue

• Muscle weakness

• Reduced coordination

• Blurred vision

• Difficulty concentrating

Serious Side Effects

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Slow or difficult breathing

• Severe allergic reactions

• Extreme drowsiness

• Confusion

• Loss of consciousness

• Unusual mood or behavioral changes

• Worsening depression or suicidal thoughts

For complete safety information, refer to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA): https://www.fda.gov.

Important Safety Information

Before taking diazepam, tell your healthcare provider if you:

• Have liver or kidney disease

• Have breathing disorders

• Have depression or other mental health conditions

• Have a history of substance use disorder

• Have glaucoma

• Are pregnant or breastfeeding

Do not stop taking diazepam suddenly after prolonged use. Abrupt discontinuation may result in withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia, tremors, agitation, and seizures.

Drug Interactions

Diazepam may interact with:

• Opioid pain medications

• Other benzodiazepines

• Sleep medications

• Certain antidepressants

• Muscle relaxants

• Alcohol

• Certain antifungal medications

• Certain antibiotics

Combining diazepam with alcohol or other medications that depress the central nervous system may significantly increase the risk of excessive sedation, respiratory depression, coma, and other serious complications.

Storage Information

Store diazepam:

• At room temperature

• Away from heat, moisture, and direct sunlight

• In its original container

• Out of the reach of children and pets

Dispose of unused medication through an authorized medication take-back program whenever possible.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is diazepam used for?

Diazepam is prescribed for anxiety disorders, muscle spasms, certain seizure disorders, alcohol withdrawal symptoms, and sedation before some medical procedures.

Is diazepam the same as Valium?

Yes. Valium is the brand name, while diazepam is the active ingredient.

Can diazepam cause dependence?

Yes. Long-term or inappropriate use may lead to tolerance, physical dependence, and withdrawal symptoms. It should always be taken exactly as prescribed.

Can I drink alcohol while taking diazepam?

No. Alcohol can greatly increase the sedative effects of diazepam and may increase the risk of dangerous breathing problems and overdose.